Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of

SYNONYMY

• Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius 1787) Mantissa insectorum: 37
• Bostrichus ligniperda Fabricius 1787. Mantissa Insectorum: 37
• Bostrichus elongatus Herbst 1793. Natursystem...Der Käfer. Vol. 5: 117
• Hylesinus flavipes Panzer 1795. Entomol. Germanica: 61
• Hylurgus longulus Kolenati 1846. Melemata Entomologica: 38

DISTRIBUTION.

Numbers in parentheses after each geographic unit are the number of distinct collection events in the database for that unit. For exotic species generally only countries are listed for localities outside the New World. For further information on published sources of distribution, check the REFERENCES section.

Distribution Comments.  This species is found throughout the Eurasian conifer forests from western Europe to Japan and Siberia and in the Atlas Mountains of North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia). It has been introduced into South Africa, New Zealand, Chile and on separate occasions into California and New York.

• Africa (3)
  Republic of South Africa (1): unknown (1); St. Helena (1): no state / prov. data (1); Tunisia (1): no state / prov. data (1);
• Asia (1)
  China (1): no state / prov. data (1);
• Eurasia (37)
  (1): no state / prov. data (1); Algeria (1): no state / prov. data (1); Armenia (1): unknown (1); Austria (1): no state / prov. data (1); Azores (1): no state / prov. data (1); Belgium (1): no state / prov. data (1); Canary Islands (1): no state / prov. data (1); Czechoslovakia (1): no state / prov. data (1); Denmark (1): no state / prov. data (1); England (1): no state / prov. data (1); Finland (1): no state / prov. data (1); France (1): no state / prov. data (1); Germany (4): no state / prov. data (4); Greece (1): no state / prov. data (1); Hungary (1): no state / prov. data (1); Italy (1): no state / prov. data (1); Japan (1): no state / prov. data (1); Korea (2): Gangwon-do (1), Jeonlabuk-do (1); Madeira (1): no state / prov. data (1); Morocco (1): no state / prov. data (1); Netherlands (1): no state / prov. data (1); Norway (1): no state / prov. data (1); Poland (1): no state / prov. data (1); Portugal (1): no state / prov. data (1); Romania (1): no state / prov. data (1); Russia (1): no state / prov. data (1); Spain (3): no state / prov. data (2), Gipuzkoa (1); Sweden (1): no state / prov. data (1); Switzerland (1): no state / prov. data (1); Turkey (1): no state / prov. data (1); Yugoslavia (1): no state / prov. data (1);
• North America (14)
  United States (14): California (3), New York (11);
• Oceania (5)
  Australia (1): no state / prov. data (1); New Zealand (4): no state / prov. data (4);
• South America (13)
  Argentina (2): Chubut (1), Nequén (1); Brazil (4): Paraná (1), Rio Grande do Sul (1), unknown (2); Chile (5): Biobió (VIII) (3), Santiago (RM) (1), Valparaíso (V) (1); Uruguay (2): Tacuarembó (1), unknown (1);

HOSTS

Numbers in parentheses after each host family, genus, or collection method are the number of distinct collection events in the database for that host or method.

• No host information (47);
• Pinaceae (9): Pinus (9): canariensis (1), contorta (1), halapensis (1), nigra (1), ponderosa (1), radiata (2), sp. (2);
• trap (17) (5): no details (1), alpha pinene + ethanol (3), ethanol (1); flight intercept (2): no details (1), ethanol + sulcatol (1); Lindgren Funnel (8): no details (2), alpha pinene (2), alpha pinene + ethanol (3), ethanol (1); Lindgren funnel (1): Ips sexdentatus attractan (1); malaise (1): no details (1);

REFERENCES

The following are important recent monographs, catalogs, and supplements to catalogs that refer to this species. The specific page on which the reference is made is shown in pink at the end of the reference. In the case of Wood (1982) and Wood & Bright (1992) clicking on the reference page will link to a digital version of the work in question.

• Wood, S.L., Bright,D.E. 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2. Taxonomic Index. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 13:1-1553 (vol. A, B). [119]
• Wood, S.L. 2007. Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Sci. Mus.,Provo, Utah. 900 pp. [61]. (data capture complete)

The following are references from which host and distribution data have been input into the database. If one of the above monographs or catalogs also appears in this list, it means that most relevant collection event data have been included.

1. Bright, D.E. 1987. A review of the Scolytidae (Coleoptera) of the Azores with description of a new species of Phloeosinus. Bocagiana 107: 1-5.
2. EDRR 2011. USFS Early Detection Rapid Response Database. http://www.fs.fed.us/invasivespecies/earlydetection.shtml/.
3. EDRR 2014. USFS Early Detection Rapid Response Database. http://www.fs.fed.us/invasivespecies/earlydetection.shtml/.
4. Goldarazena, A.; Bright, D.E.; Hishinuma, S.M.; López, S.; Seybold, S.J. 2014. First record of Pityophthorus solus (Blackman, 1928) in Europe. EPPO Bull. 44 (1): 65-69.
5. Gomez, D.; Hirigoyen, A.; Balmelli, G.; Viera, C.; Mártinez, G. 2017. Patterns in flight phenologies of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in commercial pine tree plantations in Uruguay. Bosque 38(1).
6. Hoebeke, E.R. 2001. Hylurgus ligniperda: a new exotic pine bark beetle in the United States. Newsletter Mich. Entomol. Soc. 46(1-2): 1-2.
7. Houda, D.; Nassera, D.; Amador, V.; El-Keblawy, A. 2023. Diversity of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and their attack strategy in a natural forest of semi-arid region (Djelfa- Algeria) . Pol. Pismo Entomol. 92: 7-20.
8. Karagyan, G.; Kalsahian, M.; Ghrejyan, T.; Mazmanyan, M.; Petrov, A.V. 2004. Annotated Checklist of Armenian Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5514 (1): 41-65.
9. Kirkendall, L.R. 2018. Invasive Bark Beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Chile and Argentina, Including Two Species New for South America, and the Correct Identity of the Orthotomicus Species in Chile and Argentina. Diversity 10(1): 1-20.
10. Labonte, J.R.; Mudge, A.D.; Johnson, K.J.R. 2005. Nonindigenous woodboring Coleoptera (Cerambycidae, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) new to Oregon and Washington, 1999-2002: Consequences of the intracontinental movement of raw wood products and solid wood packing materials. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 107(3): 554-564.
11. Park, S.; Jung, J.C.; Han, T. 2017. A new species and five newly recorded species of Scolytinae (Coloptera: Curculionidae) from Korea. Entomol. Res. Bull. 33(2): 131-137.
12. Wood, S.L. 2007. Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Science Museum. Provo, Utah: 1-900.
13. Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2. Taxonomic Index (Volumes A,B). Great Basin Nat. Mem. 13: 1-1553.

Maps automatically open at the center of the plotted points and the scale is set to encompass all map points. Maps can be resized (scale bar at upper left) and the center moved (place cursor over map and drag) to see other parts of the distribution of the species. Clicking on a map marker will pull up collection event data and a literature citation if present. If any errors are found, please refer to the "series code" which is a unique identifier for a database record in any communications). Coordinates have not been entered for all collection records. Localities outside the New World are not plotted, even though they are listed in the distribution summary and in the table of records.

No.	Collection data	Publication
Africa
1->	Republic of South Africa, unknown, Republic of South Africa (country only)	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
2->	St. Helena, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
3->	Tunisia, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
Asia
4->	China, no state / prov. data, Manchuria	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
Eurasia
5->	, no state / prov. data	[TAMU (2) (TH Atkinson-, unpublished)]
6->	Algeria, no state / prov. data, Senalba Chergui Range, SW Djelfa; 2018; Pinaceae: Pinus halapensis	[MCNB (1) (Houda, D.; Nassera, D.; Amador, V.; El-Keblawy, A. 2023: 11)]
7->	Armenia, unknown, Armenia (country)	[CZHA (1) (Karagyan, G.; Kalsahian, M.; Ghrejyan, T.; Mazmanyan, M.; Petrov, A.V. 2004: 50)]
8->	Austria, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
9->	Azores, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119) (Bright, D.E. 1987: 2)]
10->	Belgium, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
11->	Canary Islands, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
12->	Czechoslovakia, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
13->	Denmark, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
14->	England, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
15->	Finland, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
16->	France, no state / prov. data, Corsica	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
17->	Germany, no state / prov. data	[TAMU (2) (TH Atkinson-, unpublished)]
18->	Germany, no state / prov. data	[ZMUC (1: holotype) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
19->	Germany, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1: syntype(s)) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
20->	Germany, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1: syntype(s)) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
21->	Greece, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
22->	Hungary, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
23->	Italy, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
24->	Japan, no state / prov. data, Manchuria	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
25->	Korea, Gangwon-do, Hoengseong-gun; 10/VI/2007; Park, S.; trap: Lindgren Funnel	[KFIDC (1) (Park, S.; Jung, J.C.; Han, T. 2017: 132)]
26->	Korea, Jeonlabuk-do, Majeong-ri, Jeongeup-si; 19/VII/2005; trap: Lindgren Funnel	[KFIDC (1) (Park, S.; Jung, J.C.; Han, T. 2017: 132)]
27->	Madeira, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
28->	Morocco, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
29->	Netherlands, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
30->	Norway, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
31->	Poland, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
32->	Portugal, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
33->	Romania, no state / prov. data, Elisabethopol	[unknown (1: syntype(s)) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
34->	Russia, no state / prov. data, 'W USSR'	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
35->	Spain, no state / prov. data	[TAMU (1) (TH Atkinson-, unpublished)]
36->	Spain, no state / prov. data, Vallirona, Barcelona	[USNM (4) (TH Atkinson-2018, unpublished)]
37->	Spain, Gipuzkoa, Berrobi; 2011; trap: Lindgren funnel Ips sexdentatus attractan	[unknown (1) (Goldarazena, A.; Bright, D.E.; Hishinuma, S.M.; López, S.; Seybold, S.J. 2014: 65)]
38->	Sweden, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
39->	Switzerland, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
40->	Turkey, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
41->	Yugoslavia, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
North America
42->	United States, California, Crestline; 3/V/2012; Coleman, T.W.; trap: Lindgren Funnel alpha pinene + ethanol	[unknown (1) (EDRR 2014: 0)]
43->	United States, California, La Cañada, Flintridge; Seybold, D. Liu, S.J.; Pinaceae: Pinus canariensis	[CAS (12) (unknown-, unpublished) (TH Atkinson-2007, unpublished)]
44->	United States, California, Mountain Meadows Golf Course; 10/III/2005; Seybold, S.J.; Pinaceae: Pinus sp.	[CAS (9) (unknown-, unpublished) (TH Atkinson-2007, unpublished)]
45->	United States, New York, Brownville; 29/V/2012; Payette, J.; trap: Lindgren Funnel ethanol	[unknown (1) (EDRR 2014: 0)]
46->	United States, New York, Eastman Durand County Park; 12/IV/2010; Cole, R.; trap alpha pinene + ethanol	[unknown (1) (EDRR 2011: 0)]
47->	United States, New York, Greece; V/1994; trap: Lindgren Funnel alpha pinene	[unknown (1) (Hoebeke, E.R. 2001: 1)]
48->	United States, New York, Greece; V/1995; trap: Lindgren Funnel alpha pinene	[unknown (1) (Hoebeke, E.R. 2001: 1)]
49->	United States, New York, Lewistown; 13/IV/2011; Cancelliere, J.; trap alpha pinene + ethanol	[unknown (4) (EDRR 2011: 0)]
50->	United States, New York, Lisle; 23/IV/2012; Moskalenko, M.; trap: Lindgren Funnel alpha pinene + ethanol	[unknown (1) (EDRR 2014: 0)]
51->	United States, New York, Monroe Co.; 16/VIII/2001; Petrice, T.; Pinaceae: Pinus nigra	[TAMU (1) (Labonte, J.R.; Mudge, A.D.; Johnson, K.J.R. 2005: 558)]
52->	United States, New York, Rochester; 12/IV/2011; Cancelliere, J.; trap alpha pinene + ethanol	[unknown (1) (EDRR 2011: 0)]
53->	United States, New York, Rochester; 25/IV/2012; Moskalenko, M.; trap: Lindgren Funnel alpha pinene + ethanol	[unknown (1) (EDRR 2014: 0)]
54->	United States, New York, Webster; 10/XI/2000; Pinaceae: Pinus sp.	[unknown (1)
55->	United States, New York, Webster; 8/XI/2001	[TAMU (17) (JR LaBonte-2006, unpublished)]
Oceania
56->	Australia, no state / prov. data, South Australia	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
57->	New Zealand, no state / prov. data	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
58->	New Zealand, no state / prov. data, New Zealand; 8/II/1995	[CSCA (2) (TH Atkinson-2014, unpublished)]
59->	New Zealand, no state / prov. data, New Zealand; 20/IV/1995; Pinaceae: Pinus radiata	[CSCA (1) (TH Atkinson-2016, unpublished)]
60->	New Zealand, no state / prov. data, New Zealand; 5/XI/1995; Pinaceae: Pinus radiata	[CSCA (1) (TH Atkinson-2016, unpublished)]
South America
61->	Argentina, Chubut, coordinates only; 23/II/2010; Klasmer, P.; Pinaceae: Pinus contorta	[LRKC (1) (Kirkendall, L.R. 2018: 7)]
62->	Argentina, Nequén, coordinates only; 11/XII/2009; Klasmer, P.; Pinaceae: Pinus ponderosa	[LRKC (1) (Kirkendall, L.R. 2018: 7)]
63->	Brazil, Paraná, Telêmaco Borba; 7/XI/2003; Flechtmann, C.A.H.; trap: flight intercept ethanol + sulcatol	[MEFEIS (1) (Wood, S.L. 2007: 61)]
64->	Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Gravataí; 1/VIII/1991; Dwulatka, A.; trap ethanol	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 2007: 61)]
65->	Brazil, unknown, Brazil (country)	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]
66->	Brazil, unknown, Brazil (country)	[MEFEIS (1) (Wood, S.L. 2007: 61)]
67->	Chile, Biobió (VIII), Los Pirineos; 29/XI/2001; trap: malaise	[CSCA (1) (TH Atkinson-2016, unpublished)]
68->	Chile, Biobió (VIII), Piedra Comadres; 12/I/1991; Roitman	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 2007: 61)]
69->	Chile, Biobió (VIII), San Carlos; 29/IX/1985; SAG	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 2007: 61)]
70->	Chile, Santiago (RM), Curacaví; X/1988; Solvericens, J.	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 2007: 61)]
71->	Chile, Valparaíso (V), Valparaíso; III/1988; Godoy, J.; trap	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 2007: 61)] [MNNC (5) (Kirkendall, L.R. 2018: 7)]
72->	Uruguay, Tacuarembó, coordinates only; 2013; Gómez, D.; Hirogoyen, A.; Balmelli, G.; et al; trap: flight intercept	[unknown (1) (Gomez, D.; Hirigoyen, A.; Balmelli, G.; Viera, C.; Mártinez, G. 2017: 0)]
73->	Uruguay, unknown, Uruguay (country)	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 119)]